The Portuguese National Anthem
The Portuguese National Anthem, A Portuguesa (The Portuguese), is a stirring ode to patriotism and resistance that traces its origins to the late 19th century. Its creation is closely tied to Portugal’s struggle for independence and sovereignty and was composed by Alfredo Keil and written by Henrique Lopes de Mendonça during the resurgent nationalist movement ignited by the 1890 British Ultimatum to Portugal concerning its African colonies. Despite the popular uproar, the Portuguese government accepted the English demands, and this contributed to the unpopularity of D. Carlos I (King Carlos I) and the monarchy, garnering support for the increasingly popular republican movement in Portugal.
The anthem’s lyrics evoke a sense of national pride and defiance, urging Portuguese citizens to revolt against oppression and defend their homeland. The opening lines, “Heroes of the sea, noble people, / Brave and immortal nation,” pay homage to Portugal’s maritime heritage and storied history. On 31 January 1891, a republican-inspired rebellion broke out in the city of Porto and the rebels adopted A Portuguesa as their marching song. The rebellion was crushed, and the song was banned. Even though, it was never forgotten. A Portuguesa gained widespread popularity as it became associated with the Republican cause. On the 5th October 1910, the anthem’s significance was further solidified during the Portuguese Republican Revolution, which led to the establishment of the Portuguese Republic. A Portuguesa was officially adopted as the national anthem, cementing its place in Portuguese culture and history.
Over the years, A Portuguesa has served as a symbol of resilience and unity in times of struggle. It has been sung at significant moments in Portuguese history, from the Revolução dos Cravos (Carnation Revolution) of 1974, to sporting events and national celebrations and it remains an integral part of Portugal’s cultural heritage, cherished by citizens as a reminder of their nation’s rich past and enduring spirit.
“THE PORTUGUESE”
Heroes of the sea, noble people,
Brave, immortal nation,
Get up again today
The splendour of Portugal!
Among the mists of memory,
O Fatherland, feel the voice
From your egregious grandparents,
That will guide you to victory!
To weapons, to weapons!
Over the land, over the sea,
To weapons, to weapons!
Fight for the country
Against the cannons march, march!
Listen to the Portuguese anthem here:
